Research - Key Concepts

Audience 

• Hyperdermic needle theory - outdated, over simplified, passive audience consumption. New technology allows active audience to get involved,. 
• Short film -  Niche audience. 

Influence model - less direct and subtle, subtly brings in a message (Stuart Hall).

• Dominant
• Oppositional
• Negotiated 

Uses and Gratification model - Blumer and Katz - 5 main reasons why audience consume texts: 

• informed and educated 
• to relate to characters 
• to be entertained 
• for a talking point 
• to escape from problems

Genre

Categorising films due to the mood and setting 

• Drama
• Romance
• Action
• Sci-Fi
• Family 
• Comedy    

Studios wanted to standardise audience and genre

Sub - genres

Rick Altman - semantic: see conventions

                       syntactic: relationships

                       pragmatic: institutions produce certain numbers

Grant - sub-genres recognise characteristics and are difficult to define.

Neale - audience gain please

             niche audience

AUDIENCE HAVE SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS

Language

Connotation
Denotation

TV uses verbal and written language

Meanings of form and language:

• Meanings 
• Conventions 
• Codes
• Genre
• Choices 
• Combinations
• Technologies